Waddell's signs

One or two Waddell's signs can often be found even when there is not a strong non-organic component to pain.

Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain.

Although Waddell's signs can detect a non-organic component to pain, they do not exclude an organic cause.

Waddell's signs are not considered a de facto indicator of deception for the purpose of financial gain.

It is a tool to evaluate Waddell's signs (findings that may indicate symptom magnification.)

Waddell's signs are a group of physical signs, first described in a 1980 article in Spine, and named for the article's principal author, Gordon Waddell.

Poor pain coping skills, functional impairment, poor general health, and a significant psychological (Waddell's signs) or psychiatric component to the pain are probable prognostic factors for chronic pain.

In a 2003 review, Fishbain, et al. stated that Waddell's signs do not reliably distinguish organic from psychological pain but instead tend to underestimate the amount of pain that is actually experienced.