Tatar Khanate

Russia wasn't even a country then; they were a bunch of local tribes all paying tribute to the Tatar Khanate in the south.

A Crimean Tatar Khanate with its capital at Bakhchisaray was formed in 1443 and later became an Ottoman vassal state.

The last time this city's white-walled fortress fell to Moscow was in 1552, when Ivan the Terrible defeated the powerful Tatar khanate of Kazan.

For centuries under Greek and Roman influence, Crimea in 1443 became the centre of a Tatar Khanate, which later became an Ottoman vassal state.

Following the Russian conquest under Ivan the Terrible, the Tatar khanate of Kazan became the Russian province of Perm.

The Russians decided that taking a southern route through the Tatar khanate of Kazan would allow them to penetrate Siberia more easily, but Kazan would need to be overthrown first.

Furthermore, a large number of documents pertaining to the Crimean population of Karaims were burned during the 1736 Russian invasion of the Tatar Khanate's capital, Bakhchisarai (Akhiezer 2003).

Additionally there is a permanent exhibition of oriental arms and armour from the museum's own extensive collection, which includes many world-class items from Ottoman Turkey, the Crimean Tatar Khanate, Mongolia and Japan.

Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as Bäk in the Tatar Khanate of Kazan, in charge of a Beylik called Bäklek.

The subsidiary title of Tsar of Siberia refers to the Tatar Khanate of Siberia, easily subdued in the early stages of the exploration and annexation of the larger eponymous region, most of it before inhabited by nomadic tribal people without a state in the European sense.

In the 15th and 16th centuries the lower and middle courses of the Irtysh lay within the Tatar Khanate of Sibir; its capital, Qashliq (also known as Sibir) was located on the Irtysh a few miles upstream from the mouth of the Tobol (where today's Tobolsk is situated).