Shiism

Had they known more about Shiism, they might have found this less of a mystery.

Sufism and Shiism are the dominant belief systems in the area.

Shiism became a sect distinct from the mainstream of Muslim thought.

The reactions, of course, are full of nuance, given the diverse nature of Shiism.

The whole pattern of Shiism as built on the idea of the Imamate was to be replaced.

This belief has lent Shiism a messianic cast and presaged its political radicalism.

Shiism became a sophisticated tradition.

The motherland of Shiism is here in Qum."

Thus by 1602 most of the formerly Sunnis of Iran had accepted Shiism.

After the declaration, a conversion campaign was launched and Muslim peoples of the Caucasus, came under heavy pressure to accept Shiism.

It claims an unknown group calling itself the "Movement Against the Expansion of Shiism in Syria" has claimed responsibility for abducting the engineers.

They also, with some exceptions, follow very distinct and sometimes hostile forms of Shiism: Akhbari in Iraq, Usuli in Iran.

Since the Iranian revolution, we have tended in the West to depict Shiism as an inherently fundamentalist sect of Islam but that is an inaccurate assessment.

It is one of the most important shiism traditionary (rawayi) commentaries in the eleventh and early twelfth century A.H. in Arabic.

But the final schism and the defining moment for Shiism came when Ali's son, Hussein, was killed in battle in Karbala, in what is now southern Iraq.

Qum, 80 miles south of Tehran, is built around the tomb of the sister of Imam Reza, the eighth successor of Muhammad, according to Shiism.

While Ismail I declared shiism as the official state religion, it was in fact his successor, Tahmasb, who consolidated the Safavid rule and spread Shiʿism in Iran.

The original Shiism of All and Husain had been obliterated in Iran by what Shariati called "Safavid Shiism."

Shiism had long helped Iranians to cultivate a yearning for social justice, and when the right leader and the right philosophy came along, all kinds of malcontents found it natural to fight under a religious banner.

Ismail consolidated his rule over the country and launched a thorough and at times brutal campaign to convert the majority Sunni population to Twelver Shiism and thus transform the religious landscape of Iran.

Its author is Syed Hashim bin Sulaiman bin Ismail al Huseini al Bahrani, the shiism scholar of "traditions believer"(akhbari maslak), commentator, traditionist and author.

At the same time, Iran's efforts to bolster Shiism in parts of Syria come as the government here is confronted by the rise of radical Islamic ideas that many say are being exported from the gulf region.

Although conversion was not as rapid as Ismail's forcible policies might suggest, the vast majority of those who lived on the Iranian plateau did identify with Shiism by the end of the Safavid era in 1722.

She married Imam Hussein ibn Ali and was mother of the fourth Shia imam, Ali ibn al-Husayn, so has come to symbolize the early and close connection between Shiism and Iran.

Shariati referred to his brand of Shiism as "red Shiism" which he contrasted with clerical-dominated, unrevolutionary "black Shiism" or Safavid Shiism.