Pappataci fever

Examples include, rabies, yellow fever and pappataci fever.

Phlebotomine sand flies transmit leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever.

They cause symptoms ranging from short self limiting fevers, such as pappataci fever, to encephalitis and fatal haemorrhagic fever.

Pappataci fever, or Papatasi fever, an acute febrile arboviral infection (most commonly referred to if not else specified)

There are more than 500 species of arboviruses, but in the 1930s only three were known to cause disease in humans: yellow fever, dengue fever and Pappataci fever.

Some sandfly genera of the Phlebotominae subfamily are the primary vectors of leishmaniasis and pappataci fever; both diseases are confusingly referred to as sandfly fever.

Pappataci fever is seldom recognised in endemic populations because it is mixed with other febrile illnesses of childhood, but it is more well-known among immigrants and military personnel from non-endemic regions.

Pappataci fever (also known as Phlebotomus fever and, somewhat confusingly, sandfly fever and three-day fever) is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus.

The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly, it is the union of the word "pappa" (food) and taci (silent) which distinguish these insect from mosquitoes which produce a typical noise while flying.

Pappataci fever is prevalent in the subtropical zone of the Eastern Hemisphere between 20 N and 45 N, particularly in Southern Europe, North Africa, the Balkans, Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India.

Phlebotomus species are also vectors for bartonellosis, verruga peruana, pappataci fever, an arbovirus caused by Sandfly fever viruses such as Naples and Sicilian strains, which are members of the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae), which also includes the closely related Toscana virus.

In 1941, Nares joined the 12th Royal Lancers (The Prince of Wales's Royal Regiment of Lancers) and fought a hard war in the desert during which he contracted pappataci fever virus (also known as Phlebotomus fever and sandfly fever).

Under Pavlovsky's direction, they organized numerous complex expeditions to the Central Asia, Transcaucasus, Crimea, Russian Far East and other regions of the Soviet Union to study endemic parasitic and transmissible diseases (tick-borne relapsing fever, tick-borne encephalitis, Pappataci fever, leishmaniasis etc.).

Toscana is not normally associated with disease, as indicated by high seroprevlance rates (up to 25%) in endemic areas, but in common with other sandfly transmitted viruses such as Naples virus and Sicilian virus, infection may result in Pappataci fever, an illness with mild fever, headache and myalgia.