Paneth cells

It is one of several antimicrobial peptides produced by paneth cells.

Paneth cells are found throughout the small intestine and the appendix at the base of the intestinal glands.

DEFA6 is expressed in the Paneth cells of the ileum.

Furthermore, among the four aforementioned intestinal cell lineages, the Paneth cells live the longest (18-23 days).

The principal defense molecules secreted by Paneth cells are alpha-defensins, which are known as cryptdins in mice.

In response to bacterial antigens, Paneth cells release their secretory granules into the lumen of intestinal crypts.

However, unlike the other epithelial cell types, paneth cells migrate downward from the stem cell region and settle just adjacent to it.

Like the other epithelial cell lineages in the small intestine, paneth cells originate at the stem cell region near the bottom of the gland.

In addition to defensins, Paneth cells secrete lysozyme, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and phospholipase A2.

Paneth is remembered for his description of "Paneth cells", which are cells that provide host defense against microbes in the mucosa of the small intestine.

Paneth cells sense bacteria via MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor (TLR) activation which then triggers antimicrobial action.

Normal duodenal sections provided an excellent positive control, as lysozyme mRNA was strongly expressed in Paneth cells and Brunner's glands.

Hyperactivated Notch causes a reduction in the number of secretory cell types (i.e. goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells).

Paneth cells, along with goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells, represent the principal cell types of the epithelium of the small intestine.

Histologically, it forms clusters of goblet cells containing mucin with a minor admixture of Paneth cells and endocrine cells.

Biosynthesized as precursors possessing an anionic, N-terminal proregion, cryptdins are packaged into the apically-directed secretory granules of Paneth cells.

Alpha-defensins, which have been identified in humans, monkeys and several rodent species, are particularly abundant in neutrophils, certain macrophage populations and Paneth cells of the small intestine.

Histologically normal duodenal tissue was used as positive control for the lysozyme probe, as lysozyme mRNA is strongly expressed in Paneth cells.

Cryptdins are the protein products of a related family of highly polymorphic genes that are specifically expressed by mouse Paneth cells at the base of intestinal crypts.

There, cryptdins, along with other antimicrobial peptides expressed by Paneth cells, contribute to enteric mucosal innate immunity by clearing the intestinal crypt of potential invading pathogens.

Immunocytochemistry in parallel sections showed that lysozyme mRNA was expressed only in macrophages or in metaplastic Paneth cells in longstanding inflammatory bowel disease.

In colonic sections lysozyme mRNA expression was found in lamina propria macophages and, in five patients with longstanding inflammatory bowel disease, in metaplastic paneth cells.

When exposed to bacteria or bacterial antigens, Paneth cells secrete some of these compounds into the lumen of the intestinal gland, thereby contributing to maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier.

Paneth cells are stimulated to secrete defensins when exposed to bacteria (both Gram positive and negative types) or such bacterial products as lipopolysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide and lipid A.