Pan Slav

Instead Bakunin went to Leipzig and Breslau, then to Prague where he participated in the First Pan Slav Congress.

Since the Montenegrins were a fiercely Slavic, anti-Turkish people from the Balkans, Anastasia reinforced the Pan Slav tendencies of Nicholas.

Although critics would insist that Pan Slav nationalism was more to blame for this than genuine religious feeling, a further 80,000 or so would leave Rome for Orthodoxy after publication of the letter.