Osco-Umbrian

Nowadays, it is used for the Osco-Umbrian languages as a whole.

In contrast, the Osco-Umbrian tribes do not exhibit Villanovan features.

They are by far the longest and most important document of the Umbrian language and also of all Osco-Umbrian family languages.

The name Nocera in the Osco-Umbrian language was Noukria, meaning "New" (town).

Osco-Umbrian or Sabellian including:

The word is the Osco-Umbrian equivalent of Latin coquina, from Latin coquere "to cook".

Another hypothesis considers the word as a loan from Sabine, language in which it would mean member of a college of five people, from Osco-Umbrian ponte, five.

They are known almost exclusively through inscriptions, principally of Oscan and Umbrian, though there are also some Osco-Umbrian loanwords in Latin.

However, a classification based on a single feature is seen as risky by its critics, particularly as the sound change occurs in other language groups (especially the Osco-Umbrian and Greek).

Within the Italic languages it is closely related to the Oscan group and is therefore associated with it in the group of Osco-Umbrian languages.

The ancient Italic languages had a similar division, with Latino-Faliscan as "Q-Italic" and Osco-Umbrian as "P-Italic".

In the strict and narrow meaning, the term refers to all the people who spoke Osco-Umbrian Indo-European languages and had settled along the Apennines, from Umbria to Calabria.

On this model, it appears likely that the "West Italic" group (including the Latins) were the first wave, followed, and largely displaced by, the East Italic (Osco-Umbrian) group.

The word "Sabellic" was once applied to all such minor languages, whether Osco-Umbrian or not, even the North Picene language, despite the fact that it has never been thought to be related to the languages to which the word is now applied.

The Oscan group is part of the Osco-Umbrian or Sabellic family, and includes the Oscan language and three variants (Hernican, Marrucinian and Paelignian) known only from inscriptions left by the Hernici, Marrucini and Paeligni, minor tribes of eastern central Italy.