Gladstone-Dale relation

In the 1900s, the Gladstone-Dale relation was applied to glass, synthetic crystals and minerals.

The refraction also depends on composition, and can be calculated using the Gladstone-Dale relation.

Recent data shows the Gladstone-Dale relation compatibility of Warikahnite is ranked as superior (-0.010).

Teertstra D. K. (2008a): "Photon refraction in dielectric crystals using a modified Gladstone-Dale relation".

The refractive index of a substance can be related to its polarizability with the Lorentz-Lorenz equation or to the molar refractivities of its constituents by the Gladstone-Dale relation.

Background-oriented schlieren (BOS) is a novel technique for flow visualization of density gradients in fluids using the Gladstone-Dale relation between density and refractive index of the fluid.

The Gladstone-Dale relation requires a particle model of light because the continuous wave-front required by wave theory cannot be maintained if light encounters atoms or molecules that maintain a local electric structure with a characteristic refractivity.

To calculate the optical properties of materials using the polarizability or refractivity volumes in nm, the Gladstone-Dale relation competes with the Kramers-Kronig relation and Lorentz-Lorenz relation but differs in optical theory (Jaffe 1988).