Electronic fetal monitors have been under attack for more than a decade by some women's groups and parts of the medical community.

Use of electronic fetal monitors has been under attack for several years by some women's groups as unnecessary interference in childbirth.

The machine used to perform the monitoring is called a cardiotocograph, more commonly known as an electronic fetal monitor (EFM).

Studies have found that the electronic fetal monitors now widely used during delivery often incorrectly signal distress, prompting many needless Caesarean deliveries, which carry the risks of major surgery.

There is no question that the electronic fetal monitor does what it is supposed to: provide a continuous record of the fetal heart rate and how it is affected by the labor contractions.

To make the procedure easier to perform, safer for the baby, and more tolerable for the mother-to-be, doctors sometimes give a uterine muscle relaxant, and then use an ultrasound and electronic fetal monitor as guides.

Meaning: token encouragement of popular earthy accouterments - rubber balls for bouncing, hot tubs for soaking, doulas for emotional support, handwritten "birth plans" - while nurses offer epidural anesthesia with the enthusiasm of Washington Square dope pushers and doctors rush to the knife at the slightest questionable blip from the electronic fetal monitor.

A cardiotocograph is used to monitor the fetal heart rate.

Designed to help the midwife develop her ability to interpret cardiotocograph.

Monitoring with a cardiotocograph can either be intermittent or continuous.

Electronic fetal monitoring uses a cardiotocograph to check the baby's heartbeat and is typically monitored over a 30-minute period.

All observations on admission including the cardiotocograph (CTG) were normal.

The aim is to induce contractions and monitor the fetus to check for heart rate abnormalities using a cardiotocograph.

She was given an infusion to stimulate contractions and the foetal heart rate was monitored by cardiotocograph.

She was placed on a cardiotocograph (CTG) to monitor the foetal heart rate.

A cardiotocograph (CTG) is a monitor that checks the baby's heart rate in utero.

An electronic device called a cardiotocograph (CTG) listens to the heartbeat and records the results on paper.

Too many to report — but if I have to pick one it was getting hold of an original document (a cardiotocograph trace) that saved my client’s case.

The CST was the first antenatal surveillance test that was developed after the development of the cardiotocograph.

Toco [cardiotocograph] not picking up contractions on graph."

Doppler ultrasound provides the information which is recorded on a paper strip known as a cardiotocograph (CTG).

The machine used to perform the monitoring is called a cardiotocograph, more commonly known as an electronic fetal monitor (EFM).

CTG A cardiotocograph or CTG is the external electronic monitoring of the foetal heart rate.

Monitor the progress of labour, by reviewing the nursing chart, performing vaginal examination, and assessing the trace produced by a foetal monitoring device (the cardiotocograph)

He said medical and nursing staff in all hospital labour wards should constantly be trained in how to interpret the results of cardiotocograph traces, which monitor heartbeats of children in the womb.

Both reportings were appropriately followed up by her LMC with a cardiotocograph (CTG) - a tracing of the baby's heart rate, both of which were reactive and normal.

After the epidural was completed, and while Dr E was establishing analgesia, Ms C retrieved a cardiotocograph machine (CTG) from another area to monitor the foetal heart rate.

Dr Julia Unterscheider, who led the research, said foetal kick charts did not compare well to more modern methods such as measuring the foetal heart rate with a cardiotocograph (CTG) and ultrasound.

The CTG (cardiotocograph, a monitor of the foetal heart rate) reading showed the foetal heart rate base line of 125 to 130 beats per minute, many foetal movements with good acceleration and no decelerations.

Recording a narrative verdict he said: "The CTG (cardiotocograph) recording her heart beat was misinterpreted, with the result that an emergency caesarean section was delayed for three hours and she suffered an acute hypoxic cerebral injury.

The invasive fetal monitoring was invented by Doctors Orvan Hess and Edward Hon. A refined (antepartal, non-invasive, beat-to-beat) version (cardiotocograph) was later developed for Hewlett-Packard by Dr. Konrad Hammacher.