He was aware that each lien contained fictitious and fraudulent statements.
"It's about fraudulent statements" on the part of the tobacco companies, Ms. Cabraser said.
Present law allows a purchaser of securities to sue for fraud even if he did not personally read the fraudulent statement.
They admitted to participating in the filing of fraudulent financial statements for many years and said that senior officials had directed the fraud.
Be aware of the possibility that the caller may be attempting to obtain information about your customer through false or fraudulent statements to you.
But the company is fighting the effort and denies making fraudulent statements.
Bankers here said that the likeliest accusation would involve making fraudulent statements to the Barings managers.
In April, the California court ruled that an investor who held a stock based on fraudulent financial statements could indeed sue.
Of course, an investor must prove that he held onto the shares based on fraudulent or reckless statements.
However, aliens may be prosecuted if they knowingly make "any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements" in their applications.