"instrumental" nach Englisch mit Beispielen - Kollokationen-Wörterbuch Englisch
- The economists used mafia influence as an instrumental variable to help estimate the effect of central funds given to local councils.
- The policy change to a more liberalized economy is identified using SEZ variables as instrumental variables.
- The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables.
- Due to the simultaneity between the dependent variable and the current eurobond yield, the equation was estimated by instrumental variables.
- Formal definitions of instrumental variables, using counterfactuals and graphical criteria, are given by Pearl (2000).
- Notions of causality in econometrics, and their relationship with instrumental variables and other methods, are discussed by Heckman (2008).
- When the form of the structural equations is unknown, an instrumental variable can still be defined through the equations:
- One widely-used remedy is the method of instrumental variables (IV).
- However there are several techniques which make use of some additional data: either the instrumental variables, or repeated observations.
- With 29 regressors and only 49 observations, degrees of freedom were limited, prohibiting the initial use of instrumental variables.
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